Examinando por Autor "Burga-León, Andrés"
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- PublicaciónSólo datosFluid intelligence and school performance and its relationship with social variables in Latin American samples(Elsevier Inc., 2015) Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Mansur-Alvesa, Marcela; Ardila, Rubén; Rosas, Ricardo D.; Guerrero-Leiva, Maria Karla; Lucio-Gómez-Maqueo, Maria Emilia; Gallegos, Miguel; Reátegui Colareta, Norma; Burga-León, AndrésAs part of the project, “Study of the Latin-American Intelligence” (SLATINT), this study was conducted in six Latin American cities (Rosario-Argentina, Belo Horizonte-Brazil, Santiago-Chile, Bogota-Colombia, Mexico City-Mexico and Lima-Peru) and one European city (Madrid-Spain). The goal was to verify the effect of school performance on fluid intelligence and vice versa after controlling the socioeconomic variables. Students (N= 3724) between the ages of 14 and 15. years (51% females) that were enrolled in 66 schools from different socioeconomic levels, participated in this study. The Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test (SPM, fluid intelligence measure), the 2003 PISA test (school performance measure) and a short socioeconomic questionnaire were administered. Diverse multilevel analyses were conducted. The results were: 1) a positive relationship between PISA and SPM, although a stronger correlation was observed as aggregated (r= .89), rather than individual scores (r= .58) were used; 2) after controlling social variables, the PISA scores could vary up to 7.79 times due to variation in SPM scores; 3) after controlling social variables, the SPM scores could vary up to 1.4 due to variation in PISA scores; 4) the socioeconomic status of schools exerted a greater influence on PISA scores than on SPM scores; and 5) there was a variability among schools regarding school performance (35.2%) and intelligence (6.3%) which was not explained by the covariates and random effects. The impact of these results for education policies is discussed. Journal: Intelligence Volumen 49, Marzo 01, 2015, Páginas 66-83
- PublicaciónSólo datosHow geography influences complex cognitive ability(Elsevier Inc., 2015-04-16) León Eyzaguirre, Federico R.; Burga-León, AndrésEvolutionary explanations for geography's influence on complex cognitive ability (CCA) imply virtually immutable components of between-nation IQ differences. Their weight vis-à-vis the weight of situational components was evaluated through an analysis of a 194-country data set. Additive effects of absolute latitude (AL) and longitudinal distance from Homo sapiens' cradle (LDC) explain Northeastern Asian higher, Sub-Saharan African lower CCAs. AL exerts cognitive influence directly and through socioeconomic development and evolutionary genetics whereas LDC does through evolutionary genetics; however, this occurs differently in Africa-Near East-Europe and elsewhere. The findings are understood assuming supremacy of contemporary UVB radiation → hormonal and climatic → socioeconomic mediators of the AL–CCA linkage whose effects are moderated by heterogeneous genetic and cultural adaptations to radiation and climate. Geography's cognitive effects are dynamic and public-policy actions may modify them.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoLiderazgo orientado a la gente en call centers(Universidad ESAN, 2017-12) León Eyzaguirre, Federico R.; Morales, Oswaldo; Ramos, Juan D.; Goyenechea, Álvaro; Rojas, Paul A.; Meza, José; Burga-León, AndrésPropósito: Los call centers generan estrés y ausentismo en el personal y la literatura sugiere que el liderazgo orientado a la gente es el tipo adecuado de supervisión para tal situación. Este estudio comparó sus efectos versus los de otros tipos de liderazgo. Metodología: Datos de ausentismo de 379 representantes de servicios al cliente de un call center peruano fueron analizados y los representantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre el Marco de Valores en Competencia y sus cuatro tipos de liderazgo. Turnos diurnos y nocturnos de trabajo fueron comparados. Resultados: Se observó que el ausentismo declina con el liderazgo orientado a la gente, aunque solo en el turno diurno, y la adición de liderazgos orientados al cambio, los resultados y el control resta validez a los modelos. Limitaciones/implicancias: Futuros estudios deberán abarcar el desempeño del trabajador. Los hallazgos sugieren una necesidad de volver a poner el foco teórico en las contingencias ambientales que afectan la eficacia del liderazgo. Originalidad/valor: Teóricos del liderazgo se preguntarán en qué circunstancias es efectivo el liderazgo múltiple. Gerentes de call centers apreciarán el valor organizacional del liderazgo orientado a la gente en el primer nivel de supervisión.
- PublicaciónAcceso abiertoResurrecting the management paradox in a Peruvian call center(Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, 2020) León, Federico R.; Burga-León, AndrésEnriching the organization with highly employable workers at the likely cost of experiencing high turnover posits a management paradox, but, in a study in Belgium, De Cuyper and De Witte (2009) claimed to have proved the paradox false. The present research constructively replicates their study targeting the relationships between employability, turnover intention, and absenteeism among client service representatives of a Peruvian call center. De Cuyper and de Witte’s distinction between the likelihood of attaining “another job” and “a better job” was not upheld by confirmatory factor analysis. On the other hand, we found strong positive effects of perceived external employability on employees’ turnover intention, though not on absenteeism. The observed management paradox may represent the circumstance of most call centers worldwide.
- PublicaciónSólo datosWhy complex cognitive ability increases with absolute latitude(Elsevier Inc., 2014) León Eyzaguirre, Federico R.; Burga-León, AndrésEvolutionary psychologists attribute the superior IQs of light-skinned populations to genetic imprints left by millenary processes promoted by cold. But a novel theory that explains IQ gains observed across recent generations ascribes them to a latitude→UVB radiation→vitamin D3→parents' sexual hormones→family size→child's intellectual environment→IQ chain of effects. Analyses of 506,347 Peruvian children's math and reading scores from a national census confirmed that complex cognitive ability increases with absolute latitude even under tropical megathermal climates and decreases with high altitude above sea level, birth rate and social development mediate most of the effects, and reading is more strongly influenced than math. The findings weaken the evolutionary cold hypothesis and strengthen the view that contraception has the potential to reduce latitudinal IQ gaps.